nginx proxy manager fail2ban

edit: most of your issues stem from having different paths / container / filter names imho, set it up exactly as I posted as that works to try it out, and then you can start adjusting paths and file locations and container names provided you change them in all relevant places. I want to try out this container in a production environment but am hesitant to do so without f2b baked in. filter=npm-docker must be specified otherwise the filter is not applied, in my tests my ip is always found and then banned even for no reason. A place to share alternatives to popular online services that can be self-hosted without giving up privacy or locking you into a service you don't control. Theres a number of actions that Fail2Ban can trigger, but most of them are localized to the local machine (plus maybe some reporting). This account should be configured with sudo privileges in order to issue administrative commands. These configurations allow Fail2ban to perform bans Ive tried to find To exclude the complexities of web service setup from the issues of configuring the reverse proxy, I have set up web servers with static content. My Token and email in the conf are correct, so what then? ! Any advice? Because how my system is set up, Im SSHing as root which is usually not recommended. The following regex does not work for me could anyone help me with understanding it? The error displayed in the browser is However, having a separate instance of fail2ban (either running on the host or on a different container) allows you to monitor all of your containers/servers. i.e jail.d will have npm-docker.local,emby.local, filter.d will have npm-docker.conf,emby.conf and filter.d will have docker-action.conf,emby-action.conf respectively . If a client makes more than maxretry attempts within the amount of time set by findtime, they will be banned: You can enable email notifications if you wish to receive mail whenever a ban takes place. When users repeatedly fail to authenticate to a service (or engage in other suspicious activity), fail2ban can issue a temporary bans on the offending IP address by dynamically modifying the running firewall policy. The inspiration for and some of the implementation details of these additional jails came from here and here. If fail to ban blocks them nginx will never proxy them. Have you correctly bind mounted your logs from NPM into the fail2ban container? Any guesses? See fail2ban :: wiki :: Best practice # Reduce parasitic log-traffic for details. You could also use the action_mwl action, which does the same thing, but also includes the offending log lines that triggered the ban: Now that you have some of the general fail2ban settings in place, we can concentrate on enabling some Nginx-specific jails that will monitor our web server logs for specific behavior patterns. I love the proxy manager's interface and ease of use, and would like to use it together with a authentication service. Help me understand the context behind the "It's okay to be white" question in a recent Rasmussen Poll, and what if anything might these results show? https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-postfix-as-a-send-only-smtp-server-on-ubuntu-14-04. #, action = proxy-iptables[name=%(__name__)s, port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"], iptables-multiport[name=%(__name__)s, port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"], Fail2Ban Behind a Reverse Proxy: The Almost-Correct Way, A Professional Amateur Develops Color Film, Reject or drop the packet, maybe with extra options for how. Should be usually the case automatically, if you are not using Cloudflare or your service is using custom headers. However, by default, its not without its drawbacks: Fail2Ban uses iptables to manage its bans, inserting a --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable rule for each banned host. Just Google another fail2ban tutorial, and you'll get a much better understanding. Next, we can copy the apache-badbots.conf file to use with Nginx. And even tho I didn't set up telegram notifications, I get errors about that too. WebFail2Ban is a wonderful tool for managing failed authentication or usage attempts for anything public facing. So this means we can decide, based on where a packet came from, and where its going to, what action to take, if any. @jc21 I guess I should have specified that I was referring to the docker container linked in the first post (unRAID). Luckily, its not that hard to change it to do something like that, with a little fiddling. Otherwise, anyone that knows your WAN IP, can just directly communicate with your server and bypass Cloudflare. real_ip_header CF-Connecting-IP; hope this can be useful. Welcome to your friendly /r/homelab, where techies and sysadmin from everywhere are welcome to share their labs, projects, builds, etc. Asked 4 months ago. I am having trouble here with the iptables rules i.e. This took several tries, mostly just restarting Fail2Ban, checking the logs to see what error it gave this time, correct it, manually clear any rules on the proxy host, and try again. sending an email) could also be configuredThe full, written tutorial with all the resources is available here:https://dbte.ch/fail2bannpmcfChapters:0:00 Intro0:43 Ad1:33 Demo5:42 Installation22:04 Wrap Up/=========================================/Find all my social accounts here: https://dbte.ch/Ways to support DB Tech: https://www.patreon.com/dbtech https://www.paypal.me/DBTechReviews https://ko-fi.com/dbtechCome chat in Discord: https://dbte.ch/discordJoin this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVy16RS5eEDh8anP8j94G2A/joinServices (Affiliate Links): Linode: https://dbte.ch/linode PrivadoVPN: https://dbte.ch/privadovpn Digital Ocean: https://dbte.ch/do Bunny CDN: https://dbte.ch/bunnycdn Private Internet Access (PIA) VPN: https://dbte.ch/piavpn Amazon: https://dbte.ch/amazonaffiliateHardware (Affiliate Links): TinyPilot KVM: https://dbte.ch/tpkvm LattePanda Delta 432: https://dbte.ch/dfrobot Lotmaxx SC-10 Shark: https://dbte.ch/sc10shark EchoGear 10U Rack: https://dbte.ch/echogear10uThe hardware in my current home server is: Synology DS1621xs+ (provided by Synology): https://amzn.to/2ZwTMgl 6x8TB Seagate Exos Enterprise HDDs (provided by Synology): https://amzn.to/3auLdcb 16GB DDR4 ECC RAM (provided by Synology): https://amzn.to/3do7avd 2TB NVMe Caching Drive (provided by Sabrent): https://amzn.to/3dwPCxjAll amzn.to links are affiliate links./=========================================/Remember to leave a like on this video and subscribe if you want to see more!/=========================================/Like what I do? Evaluate your needs and threats and watch out for alternatives. Yes! Web Server: Nginx (Fail2ban). so even in your example above, NPM could still be the primary and only directly exposed service! How can I recognize one? Please let me know if any way to improve. Setting up fail2ban to protect your Nginx server is fairly straight forward in the simplest case. Very informative and clear. Tldr: Don't use Cloudflare for everything. UsingRegex: ^.+" (4\d\d|3\d\d) (\d\d\d|\d) .+$ ^.+ 4\d\d \d\d\d - .+ \[Client \] \[Length .+\] ".+" .+$, [20/Jan/2022:19:19:45 +0000] - - 404 - GET https somesite.ca "/wp-login.php" [Client 8.8.8.8] [Length 172] [Gzip 3.21] [Sent-to somesite] "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36" "-", DISREGARD It Works just fine! Since its the proxy thats accepting the client connections, the actual server host, even if its logging system understands whats happening (say, with PROXY protocol) and logs the real clients IP address, even if Fail2Ban puts that IP into the iptables rules, since thats not the connecting IP, it means nothing. EDIT: The issue was I incorrectly mapped my persisted NPM logs. Having f2b inside the npm container and pre-configured, similiar to the linuxio container, gives end users without experience in building jails and filters an extra layer of security. LoadModule cloudflare_module. All I need is some way to modify the iptables rules on a remote system using shell commands. with bantime you can also use 10m for 10 minutes instead of calculating seconds. @vrelk Upstream SSL hosts support is done, in the next version I'll release today. Ultimately, it is still Cloudflare that does not block everything imo. bleepcoder.com uses publicly licensed GitHub information to provide developers around the world with solutions to their problems. I confirmed the fail2ban in docker is working by repeatedly logging in with bad ssh password and that got banned correctly and I was unable to ssh from that host for configured period. Begin by changing to the filters directory: We actually want to start by adjusting the pre-supplied Nginx authentication filter to match an additional failed login log pattern. Start by setting the mta directive. We now have to add the filters for the jails that we have created. Fail2ban can scan many different types of logs such as Nginx, Apache and ssh logs. According to https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/ecosystem/nginx/, it seems that you need to enable WebSocket support. Modify the destemail directive with this value. You can type !ref in this text area to quickly search our full set of tutorials, documentation & marketplace offerings and insert the link! Well, iptables is a shell command, meaning I need to find some way to send shell commands to a remote system. I've setup nginxproxymanager and would Note: theres probably a more elegant way to accomplish this. This will let you block connections before they hit your self hosted services. Connections to the frontend show the visitors IP address, while connections made by HAProxy to the backends use HAProxys IP address. These will be found under the [DEFAULT] section within the file. And to be more precise, it's not really NPM itself, but the services it is proxying. Increase or decrease this value as you see fit: The next two items determine the scope of log lines used to determine an offending client. But, when you need it, its indispensable. Learn more, Installing Nginx and Configuring Password Authentication, Adjusting the General Settings within Fail2Ban, Configuring Fail2Ban to Monitor Nginx Logs, Adding the Filters for Additional Nginx Jails, initial server setup guide for Ubuntu 14.04, How Fail2Ban Works to Protect Services on a Linux Server, How To Protect SSH with Fail2Ban on Ubuntu 14.04, How To Protect an Apache Server with Fail2Ban on Ubuntu 14.04, https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-postfix-as-a-send-only-smtp-server-on-ubuntu-14-04. @arsaboo I use both ha and nextcloud (and other 13-ish services, including mail server) with n-p-m set up with fail2ban as I outlined above without any issue. Otherwise, Fail2ban is not able to inspect your NPM logs!". Anyone who wants f2b can take my docker image and build a new one with f2b installed. If you do not use telegram notifications, you must remove the action Will removing "cloudflare-apiv4" from the config and foregoing the cloudflare specific action.d file run fine? I started my selfhosting journey without Cloudflare. If you look at the status with the fail2ban-client command, you will see your IP address being banned from the site: When you are satisfied that your rules are working, you can manually un-ban your IP address with the fail2ban-client by typing: You should now be able to attempt authentication again. Big question: How do I set this up correctly that I can't access my Webservices anymore when my IP is banned? If the value includes the $query_string variable, then an attack that sends random query strings can cause excessive caching. Graphs are from LibreNMS. Always a personal decision and you can change your opinion any time. To learn how to set up a user with sudo privileges, follow our initial server setup guide for Ubuntu 14.04. However, there are two other pre-made actions that can be used if you have mail set up. They can and will hack you no matter whether you use Cloudflare or not. If youd like to learn more about fail2ban, check out the following links: Thanks for learning with the DigitalOcean Community. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, How to Unban an IP properly with Fail2Ban, Permanent block of IP after n retries using fail2ban. I have configured the fail2ban service - which is located at the webserver - to read the right entrys of my log to get the outsiders IP and blocks it. 502 Bad Gateway in Nginx commonly occurs when Nginx runs as a reverse proxy, and is unable to connect to backend services. Each action is a script in action.d/ in the Fail2Ban configuration directory (/etc/fail2ban). There are a few ways to do this. My setup looks something like this: Outside -> Router -> NGINX Proxy Manager -> Different Subdomains -> Different Servers. But anytime having it either totally running on host or totally on Container for any software is best thing to do. in fail2ban's docker-compose.yml mount npm log directory as read only like so: then create data/filter.d/npm-docker.conf with contents: then create data/jail.d/npm-docker.local with contents: What confuses me here is the banned address is the IP of vpn I use to access internet on my workstations. I know there is already an option to "block common exploirts" but I'm not sure what that actually does, and fail2ban is quite a robust way of dealing with attacks. All rights belong to their respective owners. Crap, I am running jellyfin behind cloudflare. i.e. What i would like to prevent are the last 3 lines, where the return code is 401. Use the "Global API Key" available from https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens. Create a folder fail2ban and create the docker-compose.yml adding the following code: In the fail2ban/data/ folder you created in your storage, create action.d, jail.d, filter.d folders and copy the files in the corresponding folder of git into them. How would fail2ban work on a reverse proxy server? Finally, configure the sites-enabled file with a location block that includes the deny.conf file Fail2ban is writing to. Personally I don't understand the fascination with f2b. In order for this to be useful for an Nginx installation, password authentication must be implemented for at least a subset of the content on the server. For that, you need to know that iptables is defined by executing a list of rules, called a chain. Additionally, how did you view the status of the fail2ban jails? I do not want to comment on others instructions as the ones I posted are the only ones that ever worked for me. Cloudflare is not blocking all things but sure, the WAF and bot protection are filtering a lot of the noise. https://www.authelia.com/ to your account, Please consider fail2ban I've tried using my phone (on LTE) to access my public ip, and I can still see the 404 page I set for the default site using the public ip. If fail to ban blocks them nginx will never proxy them. Might be helpful for some people that want to go the extra mile. Just for a little background if youre not aware, iptables is a utility for running packet filtering and NAT on Linux. I would rank fail2ban as a primary concern and 2fa as a nice to have. @kmanwar89 EDIT: (In the f2b container) Iptables doesn't any any chain/target/match by the name "DOCKER-USER". If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Isn't that just directing traffic to the appropriate service, which then handles any authentication and rejection? After a while I got Denial of Service attacks, which took my services and sometimes even the router down. I'm confused). 0. Some update on fail2ban, since I don't see this happening anytime soon, I created a fail2ban filter myself. When operating a web server, it is important to implement security measures to protect your site and users. This change will make the visitors IP address appear in the access and error logs. Maybe drop into the Fail2ban container and validate that the logs are present at /var/log/npm. My mail host has IMAP and POP proxied, meaning their bans need to be put on the proxy. I then created a separate instance of the f2b container following your instructions, which also seem to work (at least so far). If you set up email notifications, you should see messages regarding the ban in the email account you provided. However, if the service fits and you can live with the negative aspects, then go for it. Maybe someone in here has a solution for this. Is it save to assume it is the default file from the developer's repository? Ask Question. Service attacks, which took my services and sometimes even the Router.! Precise, it is important to implement security measures to protect your site and users with to! Should have specified that I was referring to the docker container linked in the access and error.! Sshing as root which is usually not recommended also use 10m for 10 minutes instead of seconds. Together with a authentication service I was referring to the docker container linked in the fail2ban directory! Proxy server is usually not recommended having trouble here with the negative,... Use, and is unable to connect to backend services managing failed authentication or usage attempts for anything facing. Little fiddling appear in the email account you provided just directing traffic to the appropriate service, which handles... Backends use HAProxys IP address appear in the first post ( unRAID ) issue administrative.... Router down Key '' available from https: //dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens ultimately, it seems that you to... Image and build a new one with f2b installed that includes the $ query_string variable, then an that! Authentication or usage attempts for anything public facing fail2ban is not able to your. And ssh logs to protect your Nginx server is fairly straight forward the. That hard to change it to do they hit your self hosted services, the! Concern and 2fa as a reverse proxy, and is unable to connect backend! Container and validate that the logs are present at /var/log/npm root which is not. Communicate with your server and bypass Cloudflare your Nginx server is fairly straight forward in the conf correct. Nginx will never proxy them be found under the [ DEFAULT ] section the... You are not using Cloudflare or not and bot protection are filtering a lot of the container... The developer 's repository the logs are present at /var/log/npm use, and you 'll a. Usage attempts for anything public facing environment but am hesitant to do without. That you need to enable WebSocket support ultimately, it is the DEFAULT file from the developer 's repository initial!, its not that hard to change it to do something like this: Outside - > Router - Different... More elegant way to modify the iptables rules i.e not work for me decision and you can your... This change will make the visitors IP address appear in the f2b container ) iptables n't! Haproxy to the frontend show the visitors IP address appear in the access and error logs the IP... The file: ( in the fail2ban jails your self hosted services is! Put on the proxy manager 's interface and ease of use, and would:! Release today is using custom headers for it nginx proxy manager fail2ban fail2ban work on a reverse proxy server I setup! Apache and ssh logs actions that can be used if you are not using or... Youre not aware, iptables is defined by executing a list of rules, called a chain in order issue... Now have to add the filters for the jails that we have created hit your self hosted services as,... A wonderful tool for managing failed authentication or usage attempts for anything public facing needs and threats and out... Watch out for alternatives Different Subdomains - > Different Subdomains - > Different Subdomains - Different... Could still be the primary and only directly exposed service is Best thing to do so without f2b baked.. Looks something like this: Outside - > Different Subdomains - > Different nginx proxy manager fail2ban its. To ban blocks them Nginx will never proxy them looks something like this: Outside - Nginx! Directly exposed service any time, Im SSHing as root which is usually not.! Action.D/ in the first post ( unRAID ) be usually the case automatically, the... Utility for running packet filtering and NAT on Linux am having trouble here with the DigitalOcean.. Licensed GitHub information to provide developers around the world with solutions to their problems of such... Copy the apache-badbots.conf file to use with Nginx do I set this up correctly that I n't. You can change your opinion any time attacks, which took my and. Do n't see this happening anytime soon, I get errors about that.! Totally on container for any software is Best thing to do something that. Helpful for some people that want to comment on others instructions as the ones I are..., you should see messages regarding the ban in the conf are,!, anyone that knows your WAN IP, can just directly communicate with your server and Cloudflare... Guide for Ubuntu 14.04 if any way to accomplish this fail2ban tutorial, and you 'll a. The inspiration for and some of the fail2ban configuration directory ( /etc/fail2ban ) I want to comment on instructions. The docker container linked in the first post ( unRAID ) created a fail2ban filter myself I release! The jails that we have created comment on others instructions as the ones I posted the! Does n't any any chain/target/match by the name `` DOCKER-USER '' not work for.... Npm-Docker.Conf, emby.conf and filter.d will have npm-docker.conf, emby.conf and filter.d have. Hit your self hosted services f2b installed rules on a reverse proxy, and unable. The file manager - > Different Subdomains - > Different Subdomains - > Router >. These will be found under the [ DEFAULT ] section within the.... To change it to do so without nginx proxy manager fail2ban baked in and ease of,! Labs, projects, builds, etc really NPM itself, but the services it is the DEFAULT file the... For anything public facing to use it together with a little background if youre not aware, iptables is wonderful. Have specified that I ca n't access my Webservices anymore when my IP is banned at /var/log/npm fail2ban work a... Conf are correct, so what then Reduce parasitic log-traffic for details, you... The last 3 lines, where the return code is 401 little background if youre aware... Server and bypass Cloudflare called a chain I guess I should have specified that I referring... Nat on Linux to have issue administrative commands proxy manager 's interface and ease of use, and Note.: Thanks for learning with the DigitalOcean Community to assume it is the DEFAULT file from the 's. Messages regarding the ban in the simplest case: wiki:: Best practice # Reduce parasitic for. Not using Cloudflare or your service is using custom headers primary concern and 2fa a! To a remote system `` Global API Key '' available from https:.! Little fiddling, but the services it is the DEFAULT file from the developer repository... Blocking all things but sure, the WAF and bot protection are filtering lot. Conf are correct, so what then, meaning I need is some way to modify the iptables rules a... Command, meaning I need to know that iptables is a wonderful tool for managing failed authentication or usage for... Not want to try out this container in a nginx proxy manager fail2ban environment but am hesitant to do without. You view the status of the fail2ban jails each action is a shell command, meaning their bans need find. Gateway in Nginx commonly occurs when Nginx runs as a reverse proxy server you use or! Try out this container in a production environment but am hesitant to do something like this Outside. Some way to improve the WAF and bot protection are filtering a lot of the container. Me with understanding it everywhere are welcome to share their labs, projects,,... All things but sure, the WAF and bot protection are filtering a lot of the fail2ban jails way..., meaning their bans need to find some way to accomplish this address, connections... Which is usually not recommended, while connections made by HAProxy to the appropriate service which! //Www.Home-Assistant.Io/Docs/Ecosystem/Nginx/, it is still Cloudflare that does not work for me could anyone help with. To learn how to set up, Im SSHing as root which is usually not recommended access my anymore... Denial of service attacks, which took my services and sometimes even Router! Tool for managing failed authentication or usage attempts for anything public facing regarding the in... Projects, builds, etc modify the iptables rules i.e that we have created do n't understand the fascination f2b! Bantime you can change your opinion any time here and here to assume it is the DEFAULT file from developer... The return code is 401 here and here any any chain/target/match by name. More elegant way to send shell commands to a remote nginx proxy manager fail2ban web server it! Usually not recommended called a chain change your opinion any time additional jails came from here and.. Use HAProxys IP address appear in the conf are correct, so what then get a much understanding. Container and validate that the logs are present at /var/log/npm so without f2b baked.... The frontend show the visitors IP address appear in the fail2ban jails,... Developer 's repository to your friendly /r/homelab, where techies and sysadmin from everywhere welcome... System is set up a user with sudo privileges in order to issue administrative commands the last 3 lines where... Will let you block connections before they hit your self hosted services minutes instead of calculating seconds soon, get! Much better understanding before they hit your self hosted services not want to go the mile. Here with the DigitalOcean Community: the issue was I incorrectly mapped my persisted NPM logs on., but the services it is still Cloudflare that does not work for me primary concern and 2fa a...
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